Different Types of Lasers

The chief types of lasers are solid state lasers, gas lasers and liquid lasers. A solid, liquid, gas or semiconductor can act as the laser medium.

Solid state lasers are produced with hard materials like garnet or ruby. Solid state lasers are used for detecting ecological pollution, in scientific researches and many other applications. Solid state lasers have laser emitting materials arranged in solid matrix. Examples for solid state lasers are the ruby or neodymium-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) lasers. The lasing materials are pumped with flashlights, making the laser give either pulsed or continuous beam of light.

Gas lasers are lasers in which an electric current is passed through a gas to produce light. In the early days gas lasers used a combination of helium and neon with carbon dioxide. At present gas lasers can use more strong and volatile mediums like hydrogen and fluorine. Gas lasers have great military applications. The cutting of hard materials becomes easy through gas lasers.

Liquid lasers or dye lasers make use of liquid organic dyes. These emit a broad, continuous range of colors, mainly in the visible part of the spectrum. Dye lasers are excellent for applications in which a particular color is required. Another laser source such as copper vapor laser is used to excite the dye. Liquid lasers can be tuned over a broad range of wavelengths.

Excimer lasers are generated by using gases like fluorine and chlorine in combination with other gases such as krypton, argon or xenon. Excimer lasers are very useful for the medical profession. To adjust the wavelength of the lasers compound natural dyes are used extensively.

Semiconductor lasers are usually very small devices and use only low power. Semiconductor lasers are also known as diode lasers. The writing sources in some CD players and in some laser printers are examples for this. Semiconductor lasers are very useful for electronic devices like CD players, laser printers etc.

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